In 1902, Hawaii introduced red mangroves to stabilize shorelines; 124 years later, the invasive trees clog waterways and degrade habitat used by endangered native waterbirds
Representative image of Hawaii from Canva In 1902, red mangroves were brought to Hawaii with an apparently practical purpose. Their tangled roots could hold soil in place, reduce erosion and stabilise shorelines around vulnerable coastal areas. At the time, the trees seemed like a useful solution for an island environment shaped by waves, storms and…